Training and Instructional Design
My Educational Autobiography
By Ron Charest
This educational autobiography has been difficult to write and not just because I’m narrating nearly sixty years of continuous learning. Many parts of this narrative are painful, with a few parts that bring pride. But I feel it is important to honestly relate the history that has shaped my approach to learning, and how these experiences will continue to shape my approach as a future instructional designer and adult education teacher.
First: I have never been a “good student,” even though I’ve always respected education and continuous learning. My educational history has been checkered and generally difficult. I now believe many of my issues can be traced to the neurodevelopmental condition “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – Predominantly Inattentive” (ADHD-I). I was only diagnosed in 2018 and started medical treatment. However, the symptoms that led to this diagnosis have been with me for most of my life.
My symptoms of ADHD-I include short attention spans; difficulty paying attention to details and making “careless” errors; trouble organizing tasks and hesitancy to start large projects; forgetfulness in daily activities; the appearance of not listening when spoken to, and difficulty completing tedious or time-consuming tasks. It’s always been extremely difficult for me to focus on reading technical literature even in my professional career. Another facet of my ADHD-I issues has been what some ADHD researchers describe as “hyperfocus”: the ability to become completely immersed in a project and rapidly master new learning material, but then move on to something else.
Having made myself familiar with ADHD-I symptoms I now believe I’ve struggled with this condition starting at least midway through elementary school. My symptoms seemed to have been more pronounced during time periods when I was under high stress or chronically fatigued and have generally increased with advancing age. I also suspect my ADHD-I coping strategies, developed without understanding the underlying causes, have not always been effective for academic learning.
I have nearly sixty years of continuous learning to relate. When I include the context of social, political, and cultural events of the time, along with positive and negative experiences and technology impacts, I have a lot of subject material to write about. As a way of keeping my educational autobiography manageable I have chosen an interactive web page format.
My learning experiences form three eras: my K – 12 education, my navy career, and my post-navy career. I will relate these experiences in a chronological timeline of learning events posted in a brief format. Any relevant social, political, and cultural events critical reflections or insights discussions of the particular educational model of the time period, or other narration relevant to the specific learning event may be accessed via accompanying sidebar icons that open pop-up windows. My readers may elect to open as many or few of these pop-up windows as you have the patience to read.
I’ve also created occassional “Tool Tip” windows to explain a word that doesn’t rate a full sidebar popup; these words are underlinedExampleExample of a Tool Tip window used to explain a term. and in blue font.
I will finish this autobiography with reflections on why I have chosen to join the instructional design and technology field as a third and probably last career.
I remember my elementary school classes as regimented and unforgiving to students who “acted out,” defined as doing anything the teacher didn’t explicitly tell us to do. High test scores received positive reinforcements with gold stars on the papers and public praise from teachers. Poor test scores received negative reinforcements with teachers publicly shaming the students in class and sending letters home to the parents. I received far more negative reinforcements than positive.
My learning issues started early. By the beginning of third-grade I was a failing student. Upon a teacher’s advice, my parents had me take a vision test and discovered I was extremely near-sighted. I was failing because I literally could neither see the classroom chalk board nor read my books. I was prescribed strong (thick) glasses which solved my immediate learning issue. Young children in that era who wore glasses were not common as they are now; I remember being the only student in my class and one of the very few in my entire elementary school who wore glasses. Although glasses corrected my vision they also earned me unwanted attention from bullying classmates.
Having corrected my vision, I became an indifferent student with mostly passable grades. However, by sixth grade I was typically reading two to three books per week far above my “approved” reading level. The contrast between my recreational reading and indifferent school grades did not go unnoticed by my teachers or parents, and I was constantly chastised by all concerned for “being lazy.” The bullying from classmates became relentless. There was no relief; if I tried to ignore my attackers I was mocked for being weak and attacked again. If I tried to fight back, my teachers accused me of being a troublemaker and disciplined me.
Junior high school (grades seven to nine) was slightly better. I excelled in shop and mechanical drawing but was barely passing math and foreign language (Spanish). I was also struggling in English and history classes; I would read the textbooks cover-to-cover in the first month of classes and then lose interest. The bullying finally tapered off by ninth grade, possibly because the perpetrators found better uses of their time. By now I was consistently reading four to five books a week, a mix of science fiction with occasional nonfiction books and classical literature. There was no focus to my reading; I just browsed library shelves and checked out books on impulse that looked interesting. I also spent a lot of time at home tinkering with “science projects” and model rocketry. My junior high school classes were more flexible and forgiving to students who were less conforming. However, I continued to experience far more negative reinforcements than positive.
In high school, during tenth grade, I started to do well. At that time Farmingdale High School was considered one of the more progressive high schools in the area. I was doing passably well in most classes except foreign languages and math, and focused on a major in mechanical drawing, part of the school’s industrial arts program. My teachers were uniformly better than those in my junior grades. That year, several teachers formed an experimental program that might have been a precursor of today’s advanced placement programs. I applied and was accepted into this program, scheduled to start the following school year.
That summer my family and I moved to the Hudson valley region of New York State.
Farmingdale Culture
Farmingdale Education Model
Bullying
Experimental Education Program
Long Island Economy
My former major in mechanical drawing wasn’t offered here so I was placed in a math and science major. I did get into an electronics shop program which was about the only class I did well in that year. I felt my teachers, some of whom were long-time residents with their own children enrolled in the school district, were mostly indifferent or uncaring educators. I distinctly remember one teacher spending the entire year telling us what we were going to learn in his class, sometime soon, whenever he finished gossiping and talking about hunting.
About mid-year I mentally checked out of my studies. I increased my recreational reading to an average seven books per week, burning through the school library. For most of the books I read, mine was the first and only name on the book’s checkout card. When I wasn’t reading I worked part-time at a summer camp next to our property. My parents were too focused on their own issues to pay attention to my schooling. I ended eleventh grade a “C” student and desperate to finish school. My guidance counselor helpfully explained that after high school I needed to go to college or trade school or else, in his words, “you’ll be a failure the rest of your life.”
Pine Bush Culture
Pine Bush Educational Model
By the start of my senior year, 1973, I was ready to quit school and get out of Pine Bush. I started thinking about joining the navy. I had been inspired by my maternal grandfather and one uncle who had been sailors in their youth, and I had grown up on their sea stories. I was also fascinated by submarines and had a dream of becoming a submarine sailor. That October I answered an advertisement for the local navy recruiter.
Primary Education – Commentary
I took the military entrance exams and scored in the top two percentile, which qualified me for every program the Navy offered. My poor vision disqualified me for some of the more esoteric programs such as nuclear power and navy diving but I was accepted for submarine duty and accepted into a training program only available to people with my top entrance scores. Prerequisites for both required me to have a high school diploma and to enlist for a minimum of six years. In January 1974 I enlisted and was scheduled to go on active duty immediately upon completing high school. I bowed to the needs of the greater good and stuck out my remaining senior year.
I graduated in June 1974 as a straight “C” student, received my diploma, and left home for navy basic training (“boot camp”) five days later. I was seventeen years old and I never again wanted to see the inside of a classroom.
Political Context – Vietnam War
Upon arriving at Great Lakes Training Center I was processed in for the next convening Electronics Technician (ET) “A” school class. I was then told about my training program, referred to as the “training pipeline,” as this was the curriculum needed to be completed prior to our first ship assignment (“The Fleet”). I’d already been accepted into submarine duty so I was in a submarine training pipeline consisting of ET “A” school, followed by submarine school, then submarine-specialized electronics training, and finalized by a “C” school, all of which would require a minimum of one and a half years. Only then would I first see the inside of a submarine.
Although I had some trepidation about going back inside a classroom I quickly found myself excelling. I had been doing some hobby electronics back at home in addition to the electronics shop class in my high school junior year, so I already had basic electronics knowledge.
The course work was intensive and kept me focused, I got along reasonably well with my classmates, and I enjoyed what I was learning. Except for occasional uniform inspections classes were our only duty. We were in school eight hours each day, five days per week, with occasional evening homework. Weekends were normally free time. The classes were tightly structured and the instructors, all of whom were senior ETs with at least six years fleet experience, were dedicated educators. Throughout my first 24 weeks of ET “A” school I easily remained in the top third of my class.
After completing training in Great Lakes I transferred to the submarine base in Groton, Connecticut, for sub school. I spent eight weeks learning the intricacies of nuclear submarines. Topics included hydraulics; compressed air; hydrodynamics; electrical power distribution; submarine electronic systems; torpedoes; ballistic missiles, and the basics of nuclear-powered propulsion.
Then I was back studying electronics again, this time maintenance of specialized electronic equipment I would be responsible for maintaining aboard submarines. During this phase of training I began having academic issues. I couldn’t maintain focus and dropped to the bottom third of my class. I was getting tired of school and wanted to start living the life of a submarine sailor.
I struggled through class, graduated, and transferred to the naval base in Hawaii for my sixteen week “C” school on the operation and maintenance of highly advanced (for that era) electronic warfare intelligence-gathering equipment installed on certain submarines. During “C” school I academically crashed. I could no longer maintain focus on classes and emotionally I felt as if I was back in my senior year of high school. Although I loved being in Hawaii I was having culture shock issues and just flat tired of classrooms. The instructors placed me on mandatory remedial academics meaning almost every weeknight one instructor stayed late tutoring me. I finished the bottom of my class with a “mercy pass” as the school didn’t want to drop me.
I finally reported aboard my first submarine seventeen months after joining the navy.
Navy Ratings
Navy Education Model
Training Technology
Decreasing Grades
My first learning experience on Scamp was qualifying as a submarine crew member. The qualification process starts the day a new person checks aboard. So, on Friday November 22, 1974, I reported aboard USS Scamp (SSN 588), a nuclear fast attack submarine, which happened to be in Hawaii. I was handed a set of qualification books and told we were getting underway to San Diego the following Monday.
I also had to complete qualifications for a myriad of different minor tasks while simultaneously performing my assigned job of maintaining submarine electronics equipment. Despite finally achieving my dream of being a crew member on a submarine, my qualification progress was spotty. Qualifying crew members had to show weekly progress against a set of standards and if we fell behind we were placed on mandatory after-work study hours. While in port I fell behind due to my working requirements but at sea I was able to catch back up.
I hand-traced the Scamp’s numerous piping and machinery systems, learning where all associated valves, pumps, motors, electrical switches, storage tanks, and other components were located throughout the boatSubmarine Terminology: Submarines are called “boats,” never “ships,” by their crews, a tradition that dates to the early days of the first U.S. Navy submarines that were only 53 feet long and held a crew of six people. Over the years since, Admirals periodically request submariners use the term “ship” instead of “boat.” Those Admirals have been ignored.. I studied schematic drawings of the boat’s systems until I could draw them from memory. The only area I was not required to learn was the nuclear reactor compartment as per navy regulations only people who completed nuclear power training were allowed there – this was the program from which I had been disqualified due to poor eyesight. I learned how to report casualties, how to combat fires, and how to operate all non-nuclear systems. I learned my duties for various shipboard routines including normal at-sea operations and different types of simulated combat operations.
Finally, I was ready for the next phase of my submarine qualifications. One day I spent several hours with one of our commissioned officers on a “walk-through”, showing him every mechanical and electrical component on the boat and explaining its purpose. Having successfully passed my walk-through I was ready for the last qualification event: my oral exam known as the “qual board”. Several days after completing my walk-through, the ship’s executive officer (second senior officer on-board) convened my qual board. With him was one of our chiefs and two junior enlisted crew members one of whom was nuclear power trained. For the next four hours they grilled me. I was required to draw from memory the schematics of four shipboard systems randomly chosen by the board members. I explained the heat cycle of the nuclear power system, the fresh water distribution system, and the process for launching torpedoes. I described how to combat an engine room fire and line up the ventilation system using the snorkel mast. After four hours the board members decided they’d grilled me enough. I passed.
Several days later, on Friday August 6, 1976, in front of the entire crew, our commanding officer presented me with my qualification certificate and pinned a set of silver dolphins onto my uniform. I was qualified in submarines just a few weeks past my 20th birthday. Today, that qualification certificate hangs on my wall next to my college diploma. I wore silver dolphins on my uniform every day after for the rest of my navy career.
Crew members are expected to continually train for different tasks and expand their ability to maintain and operate ship’s equipment. Some tasks (such as first-aid) required periodic retraining. Submarine crews hold constant drills for firefighting, flooding, loss of major equipment, and combat drills. At the fleet training level submarines conduct near-constant operations with surface ships (aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, and frigates) and other submarines in combat exercises known as Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) training.
My at-sea duties placed me in an integral part of every fleet exercise we held while on Scamp.
After two years of operating my primary “C” school equipment, I qualified on Ship’s NavigationSubmarine Terminology:In the Navy, the enlisted people who perform the daily navigation duties are referred to as Quartermasters. and for the last two years my primary duty was navigating the submarine at sea. As a crew member I trained constantly in all aspects of submarine operations and simulated combat. The learning experiences I most enjoyed, however, were our occasional port visits. We visited ports in Canada; Panama; Japan and Okinawa; the Philippines; seven countries of South America, and made periodic visits to Hawaii.
I transferred off Scamp to another submarine in January 1980. I left Scamp about the same time my former high school college-bound classmates had just landed their first post-college jobs. In truth, Scamp became my Alma Mater. Nearly 40 years later I still keep up contact with some of my former shipmates and attend ship’s reunions.
USS Scamp
Submarine Qualifications
Submarine Qualification Training Model
After four years on Scamp I was coming up on the end of my obligatory six years enlistment and faced with the decision to either reenlist or leave naval service. My department head talked with me and suggested I consider submarine special programs, then called the “Deep Submergence Program.” This consisted of a small fleet of navy owned and operated deep-diving submersiblesSubmarine Terminology: A submersible is a small submarine with underwater endurance of only a few hours and requires a surface ship for support, typically a research vessel. In contrast, a submarine has longer range and can operate for weeks or months without outside support. used for marine research, search and recovery, submarine rescue, and two special-design research submarines. The program sounded different and interesting, and I wasn’t yet ready to leave the navy anyway at that time.
I applied for the Deep Submergence Program and was accepted for an assignment to the deep-diving diesel-electric research submarine USS Dolphin (AGSS 555) also home ported in San Diego, California. I left Scamp and reported aboard Dolphin in February 1981.
I served on Dolphin for a little over two years. My learning experiences came from being around the teams running experiments and performing operations that even within the submarine community were unique. As with Scamp, at-sea duties placed me in an integral part of every operation we conducted. I had the opportunity to observe the experiments and occasionally assisted the research teams with their equipment repairs.
I also completed my mandatory submarine re-qualifications on Dolphin which earned me the right to wear the silver Deep Submergence Insignia on my uniform, along with my silver submarine dolphins.
As my tour on Dolphin ended I had to decide on my choice of next assignment. A normal navy career consists of a tour of sea duty followed by a tour of shore duty, then another sea duty tour, with the length of time per tour determined by a person’s rank and rating. I had already bollixed my rotation cycle by going from one submarine directly to another and was told I now needed to take a shore assignment.
Navy instructors are carefully screened and selected from only top performers. I requested, and was accepted, for navy Instructor Duty.
USS Dolphin
Prior to reporting to my next assignment as a Navy Technical Instructor I attended Instructor Training (IT) school, a four week “C” school that awarded another NECNECNavy Enlisted Classification, a micro-designation within a specific rating that indicates a specific ‘C’ school upon successful completion. The school was in San Diego and my class convened in April 1982.
During the four-week course we were taught public speaking, instructional theories, and curriculum development using the Navy model of that era. We were required to develop and present to our class four progressively more complex presentations during the course, with the last presentation written to the Navy training model. As with my earlier “A” and “C” schools the classes ran eight-hour days five-day weeks. Upon graduating we were awarded the NEC 9502 designation as a Navy Technical Instructor.
Eight years after barely graduating high school I had earned formal designation as navy instructor.
Navy Training Programs
Upon completing IT school, I reported to Submarine Training Facility (colloquially referred to as SubTraFac), the submarine training center at the navy base when I had previously served on Scamp and Dolphin. I quickly qualified to teach several one and two-week technical courses and settled into the school routines.
Two years into what was to become a four-year instructor assignment I was selected to attend SubTraFac-sponsored curriculum development training. This was a two-week class that taught the submarine-specific curriculum format.
Following successful completion of this course, I was first tasked to revise one existing course. After completing the revision, I developed a completely new course SubTraFac had needed. Once I completed and implemented that course I implemented a two-week course new to SubTraFac but developed at another navy training center. As part of the course implementation process I trained new instructors to teach those courses.
Near the end of my four-year tour my command awarded me with “Master Training Specialist” (MTS) designation, a formal designation awarded to the top instructors in a given training center. To earn this recognition, I was required to consistently receive excellent instructor evaluations, show demonstrated mastery of curriculum development, and complete an oral board with one of our training center’s educational specialists on all aspects of navy training. When I transferred to a sea duty tour six months later I was one of two designated MTS instructors in SubTraFac, an organization composed of about 260 instructors.
The Department of Defense (DoD) had recently started offering tuition assistance for active duty personnel as part of the total pay and benefits package and being on shore duty gave me a lot of free time. Several colleges and universities had offices on base, so I researched them and applied to National University for an Associates of Applied Science (AAS) in Business Administration.
National Universities’ program was designed around four-week class schedules, one class at a time. The course required two classroom sessions per week night and a full day every other Saturday. Homework and semester projects were the norm for all classes. I would complete one course then immediately jump into another.
I completed my AAS Business Administration and received my diploma October 2, 1983, graduating Cum Laude.
While working on my AAS I realized I enjoyed Marketing the most out of the various elements of Business Administration. I enjoyed multi-disciplinary research and communications work and decided to pursue an undergraduate degree in Marketing.
After completing and receiving my AAS Business Administration Diploma I started my core courses for a BS Marketing program. I successfully completed several upper-level business courses but then mentally “hit a wall.” I could no longer handle the demands of the intense class schedule. I quit school and focused on developing my social life for the rest of my shore tour.
National University
Near the end of my four-year tour at SubTraFac I requested a sea duty tour on a submarine repair ship, also known as “Submarine Tenders.” I then received orders to USS Dixon (AS 37), again home ported in San Diego.
I had been promoted to Chief Petty Officer one year before transfer from SubTraFac and as a new Chief I was expected to run one of the many repair shops on Dixon. My assigned shop was the “Submarine Mast, Antenna, and Hydrophone Repair Shop,” which came with my colloquial title of “Shop Master”. This shop handled repairs of the highly specialized retractable submarine masts. My shop also repaired submarine sonar sensors known as hydrophones.
The repair work my shop was expected to perform required knowledge of hydraulic systems; mechanical cable linkages; pressure-proof watertight connectors; electrical cabling; hydrostatic testing; torque settings; crane lifts and rigging; fiberglass repair; camouflage painting, and machining work. All repairs were performed within the framework of the SUBSAFESubmarine Terminology: SUBSAFEA quality assurance program implemented by the US Navy after the USS Thresher was lost during sea trials due to faulty workmanship. The level of quality assurance in this program is perhaps second only to that of the nuclear power program. Since implementing this program, the Navy has not lost any submarines due to faulty workmanship. quality-assurance program. Notably absent from my shop duties was any work involving actual electronics.
Two-thirds of the 19 people assigned to my shop were drawn from electronics ratings with the rest drawn from mechanical ratings. None of my personnel had experience with this work before being assigned to the shop. I also had no earlier experience with this type of work. Personnel turn-over was high; most people rotated out to a different shop or transferred off Dixon after about eighteen months. Adding to my complications, my shop had been poorly served by the previous several Shop Masters and earned a well-deserved reputation for being among the worst-managed shops on Dixon.
The work was fast-paced and demanding. We would plan out a repair job and our plans would usually be good right up until step one, at which point all bets were off and we had to figure things out as we went along. For most of the time I managed this shop my normal work schedule was twelve hour days and six day weeks. During periods when the shop was really busy I worked longer hours. I did discover I had a talent for “thinking on my feet” and working well under stress caused by everything going wrong at the worse possible times.
There was a formal navy-sponsored JourneymanJourneyman:A journeyman is a skilled worker who has successfully completed an official apprenticeship qualification in a building trade or craft. Journeymen are considered competent and authorized to work in that field as a fully qualified employee. They earn their license by education, supervised experience and examination. certification program with an associated NEC for mast, antenna, and hydrophone repair. However, the certification could only be obtained by at least two years of relevant work experience and on-job training followed by passing a written exam.
After two years managing the shop I applied to take the certification exam and passed. I became one of only a handful of navy personnel at that time to hold the highly specialized Journeyman NEC for Submarine Mast, Antenna, and Hydrophone repair.
Shortly before I rotated off Dixon at the end of my three-year tour my shop was formally recognized as one of the best-managed shops on Dixon, during an annual inspection by Senior Navy officials.
USS Dixon
Retractable Submarine Masts
I was assigned to oversee a multi-national multi-force office providing staff-level management of all logistics needs for NATO-owned communications equipment throughout Italy. My direct staff consisted of three Italian Army Warrant officers; one Italian Air Force sergeant; two US Air Force Sergeants; Two US Army Sergeants; one UK Royal Navy Petty Officer and one UK Royal Air Force Sergeant. I reported directly to an Italian Army Junior Officer. Our staff managed all logistics support for NATO-owned communications systems throughout Italy.
I had married just before I was assigned to USS Dixon and my wife and I made good use of the opportunity to travel around Europe these three years.
I also gained understanding of my U.S. sister services (Army and Air Force), learned the Italian way of life which was so diametrically different than American life, and gained a working knowledge of conversational Italian.
I had consistently failed foreign language studies while in high school but after two years of total immersion in Italy I became very comfortable speaking Italian with a modest vocabulary. Had I stayed in Italy for a fourth year I am convinced I could have mastered the Italian language.
By now I held an associate degree with some upper level credit towards a Marketing degree, and extensive navy training that potentially offered some amount of college credits. I had my educational background evaluated by an educational specialist in the military-sponsored Education Center and was recommended for a non-residency program offered by The Regents External Degree Program (Regents College), of New York State. At the time Regents College was one of only two programs in the United States that offered non-residency programs.
I enrolled and started working my courses. There were two US-based collegesCollegesTwo American colleges had extension campuses on the US Navy base: University of Lavern and Maryland State University. with extension campuses on the US military base and I was able to complete all my general educational requirements through these schools. My core business and marketing courses were more difficult.
One option Regents made available was coursework through “distance learning.” This was the Pre-Internet era and distance learning for overseas military meant mail-correspondence with a stateside college.
While I took my general requirements through different extension campuses on the US military base I also started a distance learning course through University of Illinois at Urbana Champlain. The coursework was supported by an assigned professor in Illinois and consisted of assigned textbook reading followed by reporting on the reading, with a mid-term and final exam proctored by the base Education Center in coordination with the university.
I now believe that my ADHD-I issues were an important factor in the difficulties I experienced completing this course that took me a year of effort.
By the time I was scheduled to transfer back to the US to sea duty I was still four business core courses short of completing my BS Marketing degree program.
NATO Political Context
Regents College
Navy Training Accreditation
Military Logistics
As I approached the end of my NATO tour I was faced with an important decision on my next assignment. I was due for another sea duty tour but did not want to go back to a submarine. Once again I was looking for something different to do. I applied for and received orders to the cruiser USS Port Royal (CG 73), a ship still under construction at a shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi. It was scheduled to be completed and commissioned in July 1994, and then home ported in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Island of Oahu.
My wife and I arrived in Pascagoula in June 1993 and by October we had already fallen in love with southern Mississippi. About this time, I passed my 20 year career point and decided to retire at the end of my Port Royal tour. We purchased a home in the Pascagoula area and my wife opted to stay there while I finished out my last two years on Port Royal in Hawaii.
I retired from active navy service and left Port Royal in February 1996 while my ship was deployed in the Persian Gulf. I was flown back to Pascagoula, Mississippi to rejoin my wife and my navy retirement from active military duty became official on April 30, 1996.
Two courses were available at the University of Southern Mississippi extension campus 30 miles to my west and the third at the University of Southern Alabama on their campus 40 miles to my east.
Over the next eight months in Pascagoula waiting for the Port Royal to complete construction I sequentially enrolled in and completed these three courses. I was down to one last business core course, and Port Royal was leaving Pascagoula. I took my last course as distance learning, this one though University of Southern Alabama.
As with my earlier distance-learning course, this took a year to complete. My assigned instructor did work with me but the coursework was difficult and shipboard life made it far too easy to be distracted. My mid-term and final exams were proctored by the ship’s educational officer and at the end of 1994 I did pass my course. My final transcripts were sent to Regents College and in January 1995 I was awarded my Bachelor of Science Marketing Diploma via mail.
My ending transcripts showed course work from the US Navy and seven different colleges and universities earned over a twelve-year period. I held an overall GPA of 3.54 but Regents College did not grant academic awards.
Six months later I took my Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) so I would have the option for a master’s in business administration (MBA) program after retirement.
USS Port Royal
My learning experiences didn’t end with navy retirement. Transitioning to civilian life was an emotional adjustment I don’t ever care to repeat, and one that every retiring service member must deal with. My career since leaving the navy has evolved into government consulting. I drifted into logistics not through any post-navy career plan on my part but by reason that I couldn’t get a job doing anything else.
I started an MBA program through the University of Southern Mississippi extension campus but was unable to focus. Again, I suspect my issues with ADHD-I played a large role in these difficulties. I was dealing with a lot of cultural and emotional issues from the military-to-civilian transition and adjusting to life back with my wife after a two-year separation. I completed one class towards my MBA, then dropped out part-way through my second class. It is just now, 23 years later, that I’m returning to school to earn a graduate degree.
As with my navy career, my jobs have been my learning experiences as I’ve never done the same type of job twice. Over the past eight years I’ve earned five career-related certifications recognized within the military contracting field and in private industry. I’ve also earned a Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) Adult Education Certification.
Since leaving the navy the highlights of my work / learning experiences include the following:
While the jobs weren’t very challenging, in looking back I realize that managing the warehouse was one of the more enjoyable jobs I’ve held in my post-navy career. We shipped out large assemblies using priority overnight freight or direct-to-user trucking services then managed the re-stock. This was also my first post-navy foray back into logistics.
Running the network also pulled me into computer software. While running the network I taught myself how to program in Microsoft Visual Basic (MS VB) and developed a new database application for managing warehouse inventory.
These two themes of software and logistics formed the basis of my post-navy career.
Website Development
While I enjoyed the work I discovered that I didn’t care for the Air Force style of management. After two years I quit to go back to a navy-centric working environment.
I worked as a subcontractor for two years building MS VB applications for different departments within the logistics group. When an opening came available I was hired directly into the yard. After another year the shipyard sent me to a training program for supportability engineering. After that training I worked as a supportability engineer for my remaining time at the shipyard, working on short studies and projects.
On August 23, 2005, Hurricane Katrina blew through the Mississippi Gulf Coast and flooded my home along with several thousand others. I had divorced from my first wife in 2000, remarried, and my new wife had just moved in. We spent our first year together rebuilding our home. In September 2006 I accepted a job in Rosslyn, Virginia, and my wife and I moved to the Washington DC area.
Ingalls Shipyard
The nature of consulting work suits my learning and work styles and thus this is the longest I’ve been with one firm. My pattern with Booz Allen is to work on a given contract for two to three years then move on to a different contract with new challenges and learning opportunities. I also occasionally get invited to work on short-term projects of several months duration and do proposal writing.
To date I’ve worked on two different contracts for the US Coast Guard’s new ship construction programs; a Navy contract for the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) program (building a training program consisting of four courses); a contract for Navy mines and mine countermeasures systems; and then worked for short while on a contract for the US Navy’s Virginia-class submarine construction program. That was the first time I’d worked within the submarine community since leaving Dixon in 1989. Most recently I moved back to another contract for the US Coast Guard to work on a third new construction ship program.
Over the past eight years I’ve earned several industry-recognized credentials in aspects of logistics and configuration management. I don’t have the academic background that my Booz Allen colleagues have, but I’ve discovered that my broad base of hands-on knowledge and skills mostly compensates for my lack of academics in providing client support. Even though my lack of formal education somewhat limits my upward mobility within Booz Allen, this is not an issue as I’m on the tail end of my planned full-time consulting career.
Booz Allen Hamilton
English as Second language
Professional Certifications
I’m approaching my second retirement age as defined by Social Security. Although I’m more than ready to spend my remaining years fishing, boating, and paddling kayaks, I also recognize I need to keep my mind active with new learning challenges. I’ve decided I need to go back into teaching, focusing on adult education. Earning my Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) adult education certification several years ago was my first step. Working towards this graduate degree in Instructional Design and Technology is my next step. I want to spend at least a few years of my second retirement working in adult education as my way of giving back to my community.
My learning path has not been a typical one and the fact I’m by far the oldest person in my graduate classes is not lost on me. Un-diagnosed and untreated ADHD-I may have been a reason inhibiting my formal education, but that’s not the only reason. I’ve always placed work above academics and preferred learning by jumping in and doing something.
I don’t regret the path I’ve taken; I’ve had a rich and fulfilling life. But I also recognize I’ve been fortunate in my career choices, with my best choice being my decision to join the navy immediately after high school. The navy gave me a chance at a meaningful career and a second chance at an education after even my high school guidance counselor expected me to be a life-long failure. Not everyone is so fortunate to have a second chance the way I did.
I’d like to work in adult education as my third and (presumably) final career as a way of helping other adults who want a second chance. Learning disabilities aren’t the only reason young people may not earn a high school diploma or get into a college right out of high school. Native-born Americans growing up in economically-depressed areas with underfunded and neglected schools also struggle with limited opportunities. Some young people simply make bad life decisions that take years to recover from. Immigrants come to this country as adults looking for a better life and more opportunities than they had in their native country but struggle just to learn English as they adapt. Regardless of the reason, I believe an adult who wants to try for a better life deserves to have their second chance. In a small way, I’d like to be part of the solution by helping to offer them education.
Sincerely,
Ron Charest
[1] Clardy, A. (2000). Learning on their own; vocationally oriented self-directed learning projects. Human Resources Development Quarterly, I I(2), 105-125, cited in Sharan & Bierema, Adult Learning Linking Theory and Practice (2014)
I would categorize my elementary schools as following the behaviorism model of education. But, I think my experiences showed the dark side of behaviorism – I believe this educational model also encouraged a culture of conformity in the teachers and in turn the students. Teachers expected students to comply with whatever the lesson plan required without deviation. When students would not (or could not, due to learning issues or other reasons) meet the lesson objectives the only tool the teachers were trained to use was negative reinforcement. As a student’s learning issues increased, the negative reinforcement from teachers increased.
I also believe that the behavior of some teachers towards their students would be considered verbally abusive by today’s standards.
I speculate that teacher’s propensity to use negative reinforcement indirectly encouraged bullying. Students who already had a propensity for bullying behavior picked up on the cues of teachers who focused regular negative attention on specific students. Those bullying students picked their targets accordingly. Since their victims were already considered “problem children” by the teachers and school administration, the teachers and administrators felt less reason to intervene on basis that the victim “deserved it.”
My K-12 education was a wretched experience that nearly drove me away from formal lifelong learning. I graduated high school with a sour disposition towards teachers and academic achievement that took years to come to terms with. I credit my life experiences in the Navy for restoring my interest in formal education and providing the means and motivation to get to where I am today, a graduate student candidate in the field of education.
In truth, I still hold a lingering suspicion and cynicism of public education teachers that I work to consciously suppress.
The navy recognizes that training is expensive and critical to maintaining force readiness. The process for developing and gaining approval of a training program for new system is grueling and time-consuming. It’s not unusual for a training program implemented to support a new system to take five years of development. Final approval for a navy course is with the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Manpower Personnel and Training (DCNO), who is the second most senior naval officer.
To gain DCNO course approval, the navy program office managing acquisition of the new system must account for all training aids including the classroom facilities needed to support those training aids, do front-end and job task analysis, develop the curriculum, pilot the course at least once and capture all review comments (red-lining), and develop a manpower analysis of the number of instructors, support personnel required to support the course, and a five-year projection of students expected to attend the new course.
At the time I attended Instructor Training School and taught at SubTrafac the navy surface training program used the “110” standard. This standard defined the curriculum requirements for gaining formal navy approval of a training program. The submarine service of that era used the OD45519 standard, which was similar to the 110 but had more rigorous requirements for learning objectives and curriculum materials. Both standards specified format requirements for all training material such as visual learning aids, proctor guides, test banks, student training handouts, and the curriculum along with a train-the-trainer curriculum.
The 110 and OD45519 standards were paper-based systems. When I was teaching at SubTraFac in the mid-1980s micro–computer-based word processors were just becoming commercialized.
In the 1980s the navy began development of the Authoring Instructional Materials (AIM), a software management system consisting of a set of commercial and government software for the development and design of training curricula and instructional content. Today AIM is the standard tool for managing and archiving all navy instructional materials. AIM comprises the toolsets AIM I, developed for the Personal Performance Profile training approach and AIM II, developed for the Task-Based training approach. In practice, AIM I is commonly used for the surface navy training and AIM II is used for submarine training. At some point in the future the navy expects to standardize on AIM II.
AIM I and AIM II were first released between 1987 and 1997. An updated version of AIM was developed between 2006 and 2012. According to the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD), which manages AIM, the system has been able to reduce the “number of hours spent for development of new training materials by as much as 25%, and reduce maintenance of existing materials by as much as 50%” over the former paper-based curriculum systems[1].
One major benefit of AIM II is its capacity to store training content on a SQL server, serving as a relational database for managing the relationships between instructional material elements. Training material content is available as PDF, XML and HTML, which improves the ability to cross-utilize information in a variety of technical material (maintenance manuals, operational manuals, etc.). In 2009, Silber and Foshay estimated there was 30,000 hours of navy instructional material archived in AIM. [2]
[1] “Authoring Instructional Materials (AIM)“. Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division,Retrieved 30 April 2013, http://www.navair.navy.mil/nawctsd/. As cited in the Wikipedia entry for “Authoring Instructional Materials.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoring_Instructional_Materials
[2] Kenneth H. Silber; Wellesley R. Foshay (19 November 2009). Handbook of Improving Performance in the Workplace, Instructional Design and Training Delivery, John Wiley & Sons. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-470-52506-7. As cited in the Wikipedia entry for “Authoring Instructional Materials.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoring_Instructional_Materials
My present wife is native Chinese, and only immigrated to the United States in 2005. She started learning English while still in China as an adult, and continued with English lessons as she has been able since arriving in the United States. It was through her that I became interested in adult English as Second language (ESL) education.
In 2008 I worked one year as a volunteer ESL teacher for Catholic Charities Hogar Hispano program which includes ESL education among their offerings (they also help with citizenship preparation). I discovered I enjoyed being back in a classroom again, and I discovered that working with adults who were highly motivated to learn inspired me. Regrettably, my Booz Allen duties required me to do a lot of traveling and I had to stop teaching. I played road warrior for the next seven years, which precluded any volunteer work that required sticking to a schedule.
In 2015 my road warrior traveling days ended and I decided I needed to get back into part time teaching. I enrolled in the “Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL)” certification program offered by Northern Virginia Community College Workforce Development program, and earned my TESOL certification in June 2016. A TESOL certification is a highly desirable certification for teachers working in the field of ESL.
Since then I’ve taught part-time for two ESL programs, with the most recent being Prince William County Adult Workforce Development Program. The classes are conducted in public schools throughout Prince William County and at the county learning center. It only took a brief period of time teaching before I decided I needed to get back into education, specifically Adult Education. I now plan on making Adult education my third and presumably final career after retiring from consulting.
I worked in and around electronics for my entire 22-year navy career and was very much hooked into the way computers and the Internet were reshaping the world. Once I returned to Pascagoula, Mississippi, as a civilian, I had a lot of free time while job hunting and acclimatizing to a very different way of life. So, I started teaching myself how to write HTML code and build websites.
In 1997 I launched and operated a home-built commercial website that ran until 2001. I was one of the very early Amazon.com Affiliate Resellers. Until 2000 I ran my website using a dial-up phone connection because DSL and cable Internet was not available in my part of southern Mississippi. My website was initially hand-coded HTML, and I also taught myself how to code Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript, and the PHP scripting language.
I learned a lot working with that website and had a front-row seat watching technologies grow into what the Internet has become today. In 2002 I launched a personal hobby website using my family name as the domain (charest.net). I’ve worked with this website ever since, using it as a place to blog my personal stories and political rants, post photographs, and generally keep up with Internet technologies.
My current iteration of personal website, which was the site this Educational Autobiography was running on when submitted for EDIT 704, is built within the WordPress environment using a number of plugins to expand functionality. This particular Education Autobiography page was built using the “Elementor” page builder plugin, which offers an exceptional range of options for designing attractive and useful web pages. This iteration of my Educational Autobiography is hosted off another website domain I own, intended to someday be a commercial site for my post-retirement independent consulting business (charestconsulting.com).
In addition to my charest.net website, I also run a family genealogy site (genealogy.charest.net), and a group of practice websites I’ve built for tutoring and as demos to explore possibilities of the WordPress environment.
From public information sources[1]:
Ingalls Shipbuilding is located in Pascagoula, Mississippi on 800 acres of the most important real estate in America. With 11,500 employees, Ingalls is the largest manufacturing employer in Mississippi and a major contributor to the economic growth of both Mississippi and Alabama. Their 81-year legacy of shipbuilding has proven they have the talent, experience and facilities to simultaneously build more classes of ships than any other shipyard in America.
Ingalls is the builder-of-record for 35 Aegis DDG 51 class guided missile destroyers, LHA 6 class large deck amphibious ships, National Security Cutters for the U.S. Coast Guard, and the sole builder of the Navy’s fleet of San Antonio (LPD 17) class amphibious assault ships.
Originally established in 1938, the shipyard merged with Newport News shipyard in Virginia on March 31, 2011, and now forms the largest military shipbuilder in the United States. During World War Ingalls built commercial and Liberty Ships. In 1957 the shipyard won a contract to build 12 nuclear submarines, but today all nuclear submarines are built by either General Dynamics Electric Boat in Groton, Connecticut, or Newport News shipyard with is part of Huntington Ingalls.
[1] Ingalls Shipyard About Us page, https://ingalls.huntingtoningalls.com/
Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. (informally referred to as “Booz Allen”) is an American management and information technology consulting firm, headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in Greater Washington, D.C., with 80 other offices around the globe. The company’s stated core business is to provide consulting, analysis and engineering services to public and private sector organizations and nonprofits.
The firm was was founded in 1914, in Evanston, Illinois, by Mr. Edwin G. Booz as Business Research Service. The service was based on Booz’s theory that companies would be more successful if they could call on someone outside their own organizations for expert, impartial advice. Booz’s service attracted a number of clients, such as Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Chicago’s Union Stockyards and Transit Company, and the Canadian Pacific Railway. In effect, the firm created the concept of management consulting.
The firm later attracted other partners and finalized the name Booz Allen Hamilton in 1942. During World war II, Booz Allen started consulting to the US Navy and expanded their scope of support to the Department of Defense (DoD), then winning contracts with every federal agency. Among with their other federal support, Booz Allen has almost 1000 people supporting US intelligence agencies and has been nicknamed the “world’s largest intelligence agency.”
In 2013 Booz Allen split their government consulting business from their commercial business, with “Booz and Company” taking all commercial work. Since then, Booz Allen has expanded their foreign business and is currently providing program management support to Saudi Arabia for the Saudi Navy’s acquisition of four frigates being built in Wisconsin.
Booz Allen has been credited with developing several business concepts. In 1957, Sam Johnson, great grandson of the S.C. Johnson & Son founder, and Booz Allen’s Conrad Jones published “How to Organize for New Products” which discussed theories on product life-cycle management. In 1958, Gordon Pehrson, deputy director of U.S. Navy Special Projects Office, and Bill Pocock of Booz Allen Hamilton developed the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). In 1982, Booz Allen’s Keith Oliver coined the term “supply chain management“. In 2013, Booz Allen’s Mark Herman, Stephanie Rivera, Steven Mills, and Michael Kim published the “Field Guide to Data Science.” A second edition was published in 2015. In 2017, Booz Allen’s Josh Sullivan and Angela Zutavern published “The Mathematical Corporation”.
Booz Allen Hamilton celebrated their 100th year of continued operation in 2014.
Corporate statement from the About Us – Booz Allen Hamilton Corporate website:[1]
“We are a global firm of 24,225 diverse, passionate, and exceptional people driven to excel, do right, and realize positive change in everything we do. We bring bold thinking and a desire to be the best in our work in consulting, analytics, digital solutions, engineering, and cyber, and with industries ranging from defense to health to energy to international development.
We celebrate and value diversity in all its forms; it’s something we truly value as a multicultural community of problem solvers. We believe in corporate and individual citizenship that make our communities better places for all.
We have one guiding purpose—to empower people to change the world. Our founder, Edwin Booz said it best: “Start with character… and fear not the future.” We bring a ferocious integrity to not only train our clients to tackle the problems they face today, but to help them change the status quo for tomorrow. Each day, we imagine, invent, and deliver new ways to better serve our employees, our clients, and the world.”
[1] About Us, Booz Allen Hamilton Corporate website, https://www.boozallen.com/
Military logistics is composed of twelve “elements,” 12 different functions that together are needed to provide integrated support for a given weapon system throughout the systems entire life-cycle. Also called “sustainment,” the goal is to keep a system operating at it’s designed limits over the designed useful life.
– Logistics Support Management: On-going management support for sustainment
– Design Interface: How a given piece of equipment interfaces with other related equipment.
– Sustaining Engineering: on-going engineering work needed for sustainment. For electronic systems, obsolescence is a major part of this sustainment effort.
– Supply Support: Spare parts and consumable resources (fuel, lubricants, etc.)
– Support Equipment: Tools and equipment required for support
– Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation: Transporting equipment itself, and the storage and shipment of spare parts and consumables.
– Computer Resources: All computer hardware and software resources needed
– Manpower and Personnel
– Maintenance Planning and Management: Planning out all scheduled and corrective maintenance (repairs).
– Training and Training Support
– Facilities and Infrastructure: Repair shops, roads, fixed installations required.
– Technical Data Management: Technical manuals, engineering drawings, operational procedures, etc.
For navy ships, the life cycle is typically 25 years (for smaller ships) to 50 years (for aircraft carriers). This extended life cycle creates a number of management challenges.
Working with NATO was my first introduction to the full range of military logistics. Prior to this, I had worked extensively in Maintenance, Training and Training Support, Supply Support and Support Equipment, but never put the pieces together as “Logistics.”
A modern submarine is designed to run under water and can stay submerged for weeks or even months, but still needs to come to the surface for communications and observation of surface contacts. As with surface ships, submarines use radio communications and radar for navigation. They also use periscopes for visual observation.
Submarines are designed for underwater streamlining. Antennas and periscopes would cause water flow problems if permanently extended while submerged, so all modern submarines use antennas that can be housed in the submarines sail (the tower-like structure) when not in use, then extended (raised) when needed. Antennas may be raised and operated while the submarine is still submerged, just below the surface (called “periscope depth”). To maximize the possible extended length of a raised antenna while minimizing the height of the submarine sail, some antennas have multiple telescoping sections.
Multi-section masts need a complex raising and lowering mechanism that uses hydraulics and mechanical cable linkages. Many antennas contain complex electronics packages which requires power and control signals. They must be waterproof and able to withstand the same sea pressures the rest of the boat does, and still able to send and receive radio signals.
While being used when the submarine is submerged at periscope depth, antennas are subjected to the force of water flow against them, so they need a certain amount of tensile strength. The main structures of a submarine antenna are largely constructed of fiberglass to cut weight, with a minimal core of non-corrosive metal for strength. The fiberglass structures are painted in a grey-and-black marine camouflage pattern to help reduce visual detection when raised.
Most submarines also use a pair of optical periscopes, raised above the water while in use, for visual observations while submerged. U.S. Virginia-class submarines are equipped with a photonics mast instead of optical periscope which has television cameras mounted in top of the mast with the signals transmitted to television screens inside the submarine control room. A photonics mast has simpler maintenance than optical periscopes but otherwise has the same maintenance requirements of any other mast.
Maintenance of submarine masts are too complex for submarine crews to manage, and need special equipment that an operational submarine normally does not carry. Maintenance of these masts are normally performed by a specialized submarine tender repair shop or specialized shore-based maintenance facility.
During my tour with NATO Southern Forces, stationed in Naples, Italy (1989 – 1993), NATO was comprised of 12 nations. Notable events during my tour included the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, with the former East Germany reunifying with western Germany, and military interventions in Bosnia from 1992 to 1995.
Other significant events during my tour included the collapse of the Warsaw Pact in 1989–1991 which led to a strategic re-evaluation of NATO’s purpose, formalized in the 1990 signing in Paris of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe between NATO and the Soviet Union, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Operation Desert Storm also took place during my tour but NATO was not directly involved.
The European Union was officially established in 1993.
– Commissioned: 9 July 1994
– Still in commission
– Length: 567 feet
– Beam (Width): 55 feet
– Speed: 32.5 knots (37.4 mph)
– Complement: 30 officers and 300 enlisted
Port Royal is a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser, the 27th and final ship in the class. She is fitted out with 122 vertical missile launchers that can be configured to carry a varying mix of surface-to-air missiles, Tomahawk land-attack cruise missiles, and strategic-defense anti-ballistic missile weapons. She is also equipped with two 5″ guns, eight Harpoon missile launchers, two torpedo tubes, two Phalanx anti-cruise missile defense systems, and can be equipped with a variety of small weapons mounts as her missions dictate. Port Royal is equipped with the SPY-1A Air Search radar and several smaller air search and navigation radars; equipped with anti-submarine warfare sonar; and capable of carrying two Sikorsky SH-60B or MH-60R Seahawk helicopters and their support crews.
I was part of the ship’s commissioning crew and so referred to as a “Plankowner”. After commissioning the Port Royal transited to Hawaii, spent 18 months in shakedown testing and crew certifications training, then deployed to the western Pacific. I retired from active duty and left Port Royal while she was on patrol in the Persian Gulf.
– Commissioned: 7 August 1971
– Decommissioned: 15 December 1995
– Length: 644 ft
– Beam: (width): 85
– Speed: 20 knots
– Complement: 1,338 officers and enlisted
Dixon was a submarine tender, designed to provide repair and resupply support to submarines. Submarines generally do not have the ability to carry large amounts of food, fuel, torpedoes, and other supplies, and have limited maintenance capability due to their small size and small crews. Tenders are designed to either meet submarines at sea to replenish them or provides these services while docked at a port near the area where the submarines are operating. A tender can provide all necessary resupply and is equipped with a full range of workshops for repairs more complex than what the submarine can do for herself.
Of the Dixon’s 1,338 crew members, about 600 were part of the repair department working in the various shops. Dixon’s shops could do anything from reupholster furniture, fix binoculars, overhaul engines, calibrate and repair electronic equipment, weld, cast metal, build fiberglass components, and work on nuclear reactors. The Dixon also carried three cranes with lift capacity of up to 10 tons.
At the time I was assigned to Dixon, the ship was assigned to provide all maintenance and supply support to eight submarines, all nearing the end of their service life, while home ported in San Diego, California. We made one deployment to Alaska where we provided maintenance and resupply support to a Fleet Ballistic Missile submarine performing a crew change-over.
– Commissioned: 17 August 1968
– Decommissioned: 15 January 2007
– Length: 151 ft 11 in
– Beam (Diameter): 19 ft 8 in
– Speed:
– – 10 knots (12 mph; 19 km/h) surfaced
– – 7.5 knots (8.6 mph; 13.9 km/h) submerged
– Complement: 3 officers, 20 men, 4 scientists
– Test depth: 3,000 ft (unclassified)
– Notes: fitted with a 20-ton keel section to be jettisoned by explosive bolts for surfacing under emergency conditions
Dolphin was a US Navy diesel-electric deep-diving research and development submarine. She was the deepest diving submarine in the world (as opposed to submersibles, which could dive deeper but have extremely limited underwater endurance and require a surface support ship for operations). Built strictly for marine research and as an equipment test platform, she had unique capabilities unmatched by any other submarine or surface vessel. Her 38-year career was the longest service life for any US Navy submarine and she was the Navy’s last operational diesel-electric powered submarine
Her operations normally involved a team composed of scientists, engineers, and technicians bringing aboard a load of special equipment that was installed in the interior mission bay and external to the pressure hull. We would go out to sea and run a set of experiments as the team directed, then return to port and remove the equipment, ready for the next operation.
During my tour the most notable experiment performed was the first successful submarine-to-aircraft two-way laser communication, using optical equipment. We also spent several months off Northern California plotting bio-luminescence levels created by plankton.
Crew members who qualified (or re-qualified) on board Dolphin were awarded the Deep Submergence Vehicle (DSV) Program insignia. The Deep Submergence community is even today a relatively small community within the submarine service.
– Commissioned: 5 June 1961
– Decommissioned: 28 April 1988
– Length: 232 ft
– Beam (Diameter): 32 ft
– Speed: 31 knots (36 mph)
– Complement: 83 officers & men
Scamp was the second boat of the Skipjack class, the first class of tear-drop-shaped nuclear submarines. From the time Scamp was commissioned until the early 1970s, Scamp was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the fastest submarine in the world. Scamp was also the sister ship to the ill-fated USS Scorpion (SSN 589) which was lost on May 22, 1968, with all-hands.
During my tour on Scamp we completed a six-month deployment to the Western Pacific, a UNITAS[1] deployment around South America (UNITAS XIX) and changed homeports from San Diego, California, to New London, Connecticut. In between deployments we conducted Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) training exercises with surface ships and ASW aircraft, attempting to teach them how to find submarines.
[1] UNITAS is an annual good-will naval exercise conducted by the US Navy in coordination with host nations of South America. Navy ships generally work with the navies of all South American nations and circumnavigate the continent.
Regents College was founded in 1971 by the New York State Board of Regents as its external degree program, known as The Regents External Degree Program (REX). In April 1998, the Board of Regents granted the school an absolute charter to operate as a private, nonprofit, independent institution. On January 1, 2001, Regents College, required to change its name under the terms of the separation, became Excelsior College.
The college is exceptionally liberal in accepting transfer credit from other institutions. Essentially, any credit from a regionally accredited institution will be accepted, if the course(s) falls within one of Excelsior’s degree programs. In fact, the College was founded in part to address the issue of non-transfer-ability of credit between colleges.
Sources of college credit that can be used towards an Excelsior College degree program, and to which advisers will refer an Excelsior student, include Excelsior College distance learning courses, courses from other regionally accredited institutions, college-level subject-matter examinations (including CLEP exams, and DSST/DANTES exams), non-collegiate training (including corporate, governmental, and military training) that has been evaluated for college-level credit by the American Council on Education (ACE), and assessments of prior learning portfolios. Excelsior College sets no limitations on the amount of allowable transfer credit.
In practice, I enrolled in Regents college and was provided a list of required courses by the college that were needed to complete my chosen degree program, and a list of schools around the United States offering classes that met the course requirements. Once I completed a course the transcripts were forwarded to the college and applied toward their degree program. Once all coursework was satisfied, I was awarded my diploma.
Excelsior College is a member of the Service members Opportunity Colleges (SOC) Consortium of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities. SOC institutions are dedicated to helping service members and their families earn college degrees. Military students can take courses in their off-duty hours at or near military installations in the United States, overseas, and on navy ships. Excelsior College has repeatedly been nominated as a top military-friendly school by multiple organizations.
Although navy courses did not (and still do not today) directly cross over to civilian industry-recognized certifications or college degrees, the American Council of Education (ACE) periodically reviews all navy “A” and “C” school training courses and does recommend some amount of equivalent college credit for many of them.
At the time I had my navy training reviewed, I was recommended for a total fifty-one semester hours college credit. This included 45 semester-hour credits in electronic technology, three semester hours in management, and four semester hours in instructional methods. Regents college accepted all credits as recommended by the ACE evaluation.
National University is a San Diego-based nonprofit founded in 1971 by retired U.S. Navy Captain David Chigos. As a director of employee training for General Dynamics Corporation in San Diego, David saw a need for a non-traditional university education format with degree programs to serve working adults.
The first campus was in San Diego, California, and the school quickly expanded to multiple locations. It was one of the very first schools in southern California to focus exclusively on higher education for working adults.
Courses are normally four weeks with on-campus classes scheduled for weeknights and occasional Saturday sessions. Classes start year-round and taken one course at a time. At the time I attended the school catered heavily to active-duty military students.
This education model was very effective for me in earning my AAS Business Degree but did have some shortcomings. My biggest issue was completing class projects and writing term papers within the four-week time frame. On the other hand, although each class had a required textbook, the teachers rarely assigned us any reading. The lack of textbook reading was a plus for me, given my personal difficulties reading technical material.
National University is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). Their business school is accredited by the International Assembly for Collegiate Business Education (IACBE).
Within the training world, submarine training programs would be categorized as on-the-job training using the social cognitive learning model. Experienced crew members are expected to mentor and train newer crew members. New crew members learn their jobs through socializing with the experienced crew, living the routines, and performing self-paced study.
Submarine qualification is more than just training, it is also a rite of passage. A non-qualified crew member is referred to as a “nub” and must defer to any qualified crew member even if the nub outranks the qualified crew member. Once qualified, a person is immediately accepted by the rest of the crew and then expected to properly train the next generation of nubs.
Successfully completing submarine qualifications earns that person a lifetime membership in an exclusive fraternity of submariners.
From the very beginning of the navy’s submarine service, submarine crews were required to know the operation of their boats far better than crews manning surface ships. The early subs were dangerous, and each crew member had to have equal knowledge of operations and casualty control. It is still a truism today that on a submarine, each crew member’s life depends on everyone else doing their job correctly.
As submarines evolved into more complex warfighting systems, the crew’s training evolved into a formal submarine qualification program. A person who successfully completes their submarine qualifications earns the right to wear the submarine warfare insignia on their uniforms, simply called “Dolphins” by submariners. Enlisted crew members wear silver, commissioned officers wear gold, the colors chosen because in the military silver is senior to gold and it’s the enlisted crews that run the boats.
A new crew member is normally given up to one year to finish their qualifications, nine months being the norm. Although a crew member is expected to qualify on their own initiative and own time they receive weekly progress checks. If they fall behind in their progress they’re considered delinquent (“dink”) in their qualifications and assigned remedial training conducted after normal working hours (“dink hours”). People that fail to qualify within one year are usually transferred to a surface ship.
One feature unique to submarine qualifications is that a person must re-qualify every time they transfer to a new submarine, but these re-qualifications are not as rigorous as the initial qualification. For re-qualifications a new crew member must gain a working knowledge of the submarine’s systems to the same level as initial qualifications, but there is no walk-through or oral board exams. A previously qualified crew member is given a nominal six months to re-qualify and normally not monitored for re-qualification progress, but they can be removed from the submarine if they fail to qualify in the required time frame. However, failing to re-qualify is an almost unheard-of event.
The surface navy adopted a qualification program for ships, modeled on the submarine qualification program, in the early 1980s. However, the program is currently not as rigorous nor carries the same prestige as submarine qualifications. The surface navy program does not require qualified personnel to re-qualify and qualifications are largely voluntary, although qualification does count towards promotions.
I now believe my issues with ADHD-I had an impact on my decreasing academic performance during the last part of my Navy “A” and “C” schools.
What I believe enabled me to ultimately succeed in my navy training that I didn’t have in high school, was the framework of academic support within the navy schools. Evening study was mandatory for any student not maintaining a certain grade point average, but the instructors who facilitated evening study weren’t there to reprimand; they were there to assist the students in succeeding.
Bullying wasn’t an issue at any time in my training programs.
There was a lot of math involved in my classes, particularly the first several weeks, and I was a historically poor math student. But students were allowed slide rules and even the then newly-popular electronic devices called “calculators.” My first weekend in Great Lakes I convinced a classmate to drive me to the nearest mall where I purchased a “hand-held scientific calculator” at a price equivalent to two week’s pay. That calculator, which had the same computing power as a calculator app on present-day Smart Phones, got me through the math requirements.
The U.S. military was an early adopter of formal instructional design using the behavioral model. Courses are taught within a framework of clear learning objectives over a specified period of instructional time based upon Gange’s nine step learning model[1]:
1. Gain attention: Present stimulus to ensure reception of instruction.
2. Tell the learners the learning objective: What will the pupil gain from the instruction?
3. Stimulate recall of prior learning: Ask for recall of existing relevant knowledge.
4. Present the stimulus: Display the content.
5. Provide learning guidance
6. Elicit performance: Learners respond to demonstrate knowledge.
7. Provide feedback: Give informative feedback on the learner’s performance.
8. Assess performance: More performance and more feedback, to reinforce information.
9. Enhance retention and transfer to other contexts
Unlike my experiences with K – 12 education, navy instructors used more positive reinforcement than negative, worked within a tightly structured framework of curriculum tied to a specific set of training objectives, and had a framework of educational resources to assist struggling students. I can honestly state my navy training schools were my first experience with educators who universally cared about their students.
However, the schools did have minimum academic requirements and students who didn’t maintain their grades were reassigned to other ratings with less intensive training requirements. Over the 24 weeks of training, we lost about ten percent of our class.
Years later, when I applied for Instructor Duty, I learned navy technical instructors were tightly screened and selected from the top ten-percent performers in their respective rating.
[1] Gagne, Robert (1971). Learning hierarchies. NJ: Prentice Hall. pp. 63–84.
United States Navy ratings are general enlisted occupation classifications, consisting of specific skills and abilities. Each naval rating has its own specialty badge, which is worn on the left sleeve of the uniform by enlisted personnel in that rating. Each rating has an associated technical training program to teach enlistees the necessary entry-level skills, known as “A” schools. Personnel within a rating are further micro-designated by a “Navy Enlisted Classification” (NEC) which is awarded through advanced technical training known as “C” schools. The length of technical training varies by ratings.
A person is assigned to a rating upon completing basic training, and normally remain in that rating for the duration of their navy career. Military promotions in rank, along with military duty assignments, are made based upon ratings. Throughout a person’s navy career, they are defined by their rating and form a rating community composed of people with shared occupational values and common experiences. There is nothing equivalent to these rating communities in our sister military services.
I had been accepted into what was then referred to as the “advanced electronics program” which covered a group of ratings all designated to work on navy-specialized electronic systems. My assigned rating, chosen by a faceless bureaucrat who knew nothing about me other than my entrance exam scores, was “Electronics Technician (ET).” People in this rating primarily perform maintenance of non-combat marine and air search radars, and radio communications equipment. ETs are also responsible for maintenance of a broad range of minor types of electronic equipment not covered by other ratings, so people in the ET rating are nicknamed “Everything Techs.”
To this day, I define myself as “former ET” when discussing my career with other navy veterans.
The military of 1973 was not the military we have today. The Vietnam war, for U.S. forces, ended in March of 1973. Over the several years previous our country was increasingly torn apart by protests of draft-aged people facing conscription into the military for a war fewer and fewer Americans saw any reason to conduct. In 1968 alone, we suffered 16,899 young men killed [1] and the My Lai Massacre shocked our nation.[2] Anti-war protests had become increasingly violent and sometimes even deadly – to the protestors.[3] As many as 100,000 draft-age men (ages 18 – 26) had fled the U.S. to avoid conscription.[4] The Army was collapsing with morale described as the worst in American history.[5] Troops returning home from Vietnam were generally ignored or even shunned by their communities.[6]
The draft effectively ended in June of 1973 with a change to all-volunteer military forces. When I contacted my recruiter in October 1973 I was literally one of the first people applying under the all-volunteer military program. With the loss of the draft and the shift to all-volunteers, given the serious public antipathy towards the military, new recruits were scarce. Although the military had published rigorous enlistment standards, in practice recruiters were then accepting anybody physically capable of walking into the office and signing their name.
I received very mixed reactions on enlisting from my classmates and adults in the community. A few adults (including my parents and some teachers) were mildly supportive, as were some of my classmates. Many classmates were merely dismissive. A few classmates were openly incredulous and encouraged me to “reconsider.”
[1] National Archives, Military Records, “Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics” https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics
[2] History.com Editors, “My Lai Massacre,” History.com, 9 November 2009, https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/my-lai-massacre-1
[3] On May 4, 1970, the Ohio National Guard opened fire on unarmed college students at Kent State University in Ohio, killing four students and nine others. On May 15, 1970, Mississippi law enforcement officials opened fire on unarmed college students at Jackson State college in Mississippi, killing two students and wounding twelve others.
[4] Cortright, David (2008). Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-0-521-67000-5.
[5] Col. Robert D. Heinl, Jr., “The Collapse of the Armed Forces,” North American Newspaper Alliance Armed Forces Journal, 7 June 1971 https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/Vietnam/heinl.html
[6] Ciampaglia, Dante A., 8 November 2018, History.com, “Why Were Vietnam War Vets Treated Poorly When They Returned?” https://www.history.com/news/vietnam-war-veterans-treatment
To be fair, there were caring teachers and counselors in the Pine Bush school district dedicated in working with students. I did have a senior year math teacher and a physics teacher who put considerable effort into working with me. It was because of those two teachers I was able to graduate.
However, I saw the overall educational model of Pine Bush as completely lacking a framework of professional educational standards. There appeared to be no overarching educational model for teachers, and teachers taught however they wanted. There appeared to be no formal administrative oversight of the teachers and no recourse for failing students to have someone to turn to for assistance. The school appeared to have no intervention strategies developed or utilized to assist students and made no outside resources available.
It appeared that even for the teachers who did care, they didn’t understand they needed intervention strategies and programs to refer struggling students to. The two teachers who did help me worked in a vacuum of school support.
The culture of 1972 Pine Bush was so different from Farmingdale we may as well have moved to another planet.
The Hamlet of Pine Bush, too small for its own census code, is in Orange County which along with Sullivan and Ulster counties make up the central Hudson Valley region of New York State. Between 1960 and 1970 the three counties experienced an overall average eighteen percent growth, mostly driven by people moving in from New York City and adjacent Westchester county[1]. While there was more ethnic diversity in the Hudson Valley region than Long Island, most ethnic minority groups congregated in the region’s cities.
The economy immediately surrounding Pine Bush was based on family farms (dairy cows, horses, small acreage cornfields), summer camps and vacation communities for “City People” (New York City residents), light manufacturing, and small businesses serving the local communities. Many families had roots in the area going back generations. But by 1972 the population growth was causing mostly unwelcomed change. Many of the area’s new residents commuted downstate to New York City or otherwise out of area, carving bedroom communities into previously rich farmland.
The Pine Bush High School had only opened two years before I moved there – built to accommodate massive growth in the school district. My Pine Bush High graduating class of about 265 students was the largest ever, but a big contrast to my Farmingdale High School class of almost 1000 students. The long-time residents were not entirely welcoming to the new-comers and there were definite social stratums among my classmates.
Nothing was close by as in Farmingdale. School was 15 miles and a one-hour bus ride away. Anyone I made friends with were miles away and I needed to be driven by my parents. The only library was the high school library. Any stores I wanted to go to – hardware stores, book stores – were over 30 miles away in the city of Middletown. My dependency on being driven everywhere I wanted to go deepened my sense of isolation and increased the difficulty I had adapting to my new environment.
[1] “1970 Census of Population, Volume I Characteristics of the Population, part 34 New York section 1,” US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Issued March 1973
The Long Island economy of the late 1950s to early 1960s was predominantly a mix of professionals commuting to New York City, post-war industrial work driven by the aerospace industry, and local businesses serving their communities[1]. The aerospace industry was booming from defense contracting and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) space programs.
My father was a skilled tool and die maker working for small machine shops under contracts to major aerospace firms. However, the aerospace industry on Long Island was collapsing by the late 1960s and my father began having difficulties holding jobs. It wasn’t just my father having problems; by 1970 I remember people talking about out-of-work aerospace engineers pushing hotdog carts.
In 1969 my mother inherited property in the mid-Hudson Valley region of New York State, two hours’ drive north of New York City. In late 1971 my father grew so desperate for work he searched in that region and did land a job better that he could find on Long Island. In the summer of 1972 we moved. I completed my last two years of High School in the town of Pine Bush.
[1] Christopher Jones, “Long Island Index Long Island’s Transformation, 1970 – 2010 Interactive maps of Long Island show historical trends in population growth, demographics, education, income, and employment.” January 2015
During the later half of my junior year a group of teachers announced the start of a special learning program planned to start the following year. Their program would schedule shortened six-week classes on a variety of topics including both required courses and electives. I believe now this may have been an early model for today’s advanced placement programs.
My school experiences as a victim of relentless bullying and my educators’ perceived actions of doing nothing about bullying, have left me cynical that present-day educators are doing anything significantly different about bullying than mine of the 1960s. I do see that today there is more cultural awareness of bullying as an unacceptable mode of behavior. However, people do not change. I believe that any educational model which encourages conformity will invite bullying on students who do not conform to the school norms. Students who do not conform will be “problem students” to the administration. I sincerely doubt that many teachers or administrators will go out of their way to defend bullying victims who are already seen as problem students.
I would be happy to be proven wrong.
Long Island is geographically an island [1] surrounded by the Long Island Sound to the North, the Atlantic Ocean to south and east, and the East River to the west which physically separates Long Island from most of New York City. Culturally, the western Long Island counties of Brooklyn and Queens make up two of the five boroughs of New York City, while the eastern counties of Nassau (where Farmingdale is located) and Suffolk are a mosaic of communities densely populated by almost exclusively white middle- and upper-middle class families. These two eastern counties are referred to as “The Island” by the residents, as differentiated from the two western counties which are part of “The City” of New York. The two eastern counties of Nassau and Suffolk form a cloistered commonality, culturally isolated from the contiguous United States by New York City.
In the immediate post-World War II era, the population of Long Island rapidly grew due to the then-new phenomena of mass-produced residential housing tracts. Between 1950 to 1970 the combined population of Nassau and Suffolk counties more than doubled in size, growing by over 1.6 million people as suburban development pushed out from New York City.[2]
Life in 1960s Farmingdale was all about tight-knit conformity. My cultural environment was sprawling grids of intersecting two-lane streets framing rectangular blocks of same-looking houses inhabited by same-looking white middle-class people. Everyplace I needed to go – schools, libraries, stores, friends’ homes – were within walking or bicycling distance.
[1] On February 19, 1985, the United States Supreme Court decided by a 9-to-0 vote in United States v. Maine, 469 U.S. 504 (1985) that Long Island is legally part of the mainland of New York and therefore a peninsula. As a native Long Islander, I categorically attest that no real Long Islander agrees with the Supreme Court.
[2] Christopher Jones, “Long Island Index Long Island’s Transformation, 1970 – 2010 Interactive maps of Long Island show historical trends in population growth, demographics, education, income, and employment.” January 2015
Over the past ten years I’ve worked to formalize my logistics experience through formal certifications recognized by the military and industry. After working in Washington, D.C. for several years, I recognized that having a skill was not nearly as important as advertising that skill to clients and potential employers. So, I put effort into learning which logistics-related certifications were meaningful as a logistician, and then put effort into earning those certifications.
To date, I’ve earned the following certifications, all awarded by organizations recognized by both the military and civilian industry.
Acquisition Life Cycle Logistics Level I. Awarded by the Department of Defense (DoD), Defense Acquisition University (DAU), through my firm Booz Allen Hamilton. The DAU was established by the DoD in 1991 under the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA), and is now a civilian-run institution. It is accredited by the American Council on Education (ACE), International Association for Continuing Education and Training (IACET) and the Council on Occupational Education (COE). The DAU offers “acquisition, technology, and logistics” (AT&L) training to military and Federal civilian staff and Federal contractors. The university is headquartered at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.
This particular certification has three levels, with Level III being the highest and almost exclusively held by senior government acquisition specialists. The Level I certification is earned through completing a set of seven DAU online courses.
Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) – Classic. Awarded by the US Navy, Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) through a formal training program operated by the consulting firm CACI. RCM is a methodology used to develop cost effective maintenance that preserves the intended functions of equipment and systems. It is a back to basics, engineered approach to develop new or validate existing preventive maintenance requirements. The navy recognizes the importance of this methodology through a formal certification program.
Classic RCM maintenance tasks maintain inherent equipment reliability and are proven to be cost-effective. Certification is earned though successful completion of a five-day training program and passing a certification exam. Re-certification through a written exam is required every five years to maintain this designation.
Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) – Backfit. Also awarded by the US Navy, Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) through a formal training program operated by the consulting firm CACI. The backfit RCM process is used to review and validate existing maintenance requirements on equipment where operational experience or failure data exists.
This certification is earned though successful completion of a one-day training program and passing a certification exam. Re-certification through a written exam is required every five years to maintain this designation.
Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP). This certification is earned through The Association for Operations Management (APICS), an industry-recognized organization focused on building knowledge in the supply chain, materials and operations management, and logistics, transportation and distribution. Although the concept and term “Supply Chain Management” (SCM) was first developed by Booz Allen Hamilton, APICS expanded it though development of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR), and understanding of this model is a part of the CSCP certification exam.
This certification is earned through gaining 3 years of related business experience, or a Bachelor’s degree or the international equivalent in commercial logistics, and passing a certification exam. Re-certification is required every five years through proof of earning a minimum 75 CEUs during the five-year period.
Master’s Certification in Enterprise Configuration Management. This certification is earned through the Configuration Management Process Improvement Center (CMPIC), an industry-recognized organization focused on building knowledge in configuration management. Their training programs are accredited through sponsorship by Huston College of Technology, located in Houston, Texas. Among other initiatives, CMPIC has led the development of the industry-accepted American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 649C configuration management standard.
The basic CMPIC certification is awarded through completion of four two-day core classes and passing exams after each class. The Master’s certification is awarded through completing an additional two three-day elective classes and passing the exams. There is presently no periodic re-certification requirement.
Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). This certification is earned through Northern Virginia Community College Workforce Development school. This program meets the standards set out in TESOL International Association’s 2015 Standards for Short Term TESL/TEFL Certificate Programs.
This certification is awarded through completion of 102 hours of classroom training, completion of three practicums, and submission of three sample English Second Language (ESL) lesson plans and a training philosophy statement.